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East Lake Abert Archeological District
The East Lake Abert Archeological District is an area in Lake County, Oregon, United States, that features numerous prehistoric camp sites and petroglyphs. It is located along the eastern shore of Lake Abert on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the Oregon Department of Transportation. The site includes stone-walled house pits and prehistoric rock art made by ancient Native Americans who occupied the site for approximately 11,000 years. Because of its unique archaeological and cultural significance, the East Lake Abert Archaeological District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
== Prehistoric environment ==
Following the last Ice Age, melt water accumulated in the closed basins of what is now south-central Oregon. As a result, pluvial lakes covered much of Oregon’s high desert country. This included the area around what is now Lake Abert. During this period, the area was home to mammoths, bison, horses, camels, and mountain sheep. The abundant wildlife drew prehistoric hunters to the area as well.〔Brogan, Phil F., ''East of the Cascades'' (Third Edition), Binford and Mort, Portland, Oregon, 1965, pp. 21–23.〕〔Cressman, Luther S., ''The Sandal and the Cave'', Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Beaver Books, Portland, Oregon, 1964, pp. 40–41.〕〔Richard, Terry, ("Paisley Caves added to U.S. list of most important archaeological sites" ), ''The Oregonian'', Portland, Oregon, 5 October 2014.〕
About 7,500 years ago, the climate changed and the great pluvial lakes began to recede. As the lakes shrank, the mammoths, horses, and camels disappeared. Nevertheless, the area around Lake Abert and the marshes and meadows along the Chewaucan River, south and west of the lake, remained ideal habitat for wildlife including numerous small mammal species and many varieties of waterfowl. As a result, ancient people continued to occupy the area around Lake Abert.〔〔〔Aikens, C. Melvin, ("Lake Abert" ) (PDF), ''Archaeology of Oregon'', Lake Abert, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Office, United States Department of the Interior, Portland, Oregon, 1993, pp. 38–39.〕
Little is known about the people who occupied the land, except that they lived and hunted near ancient Lake Abert.〔〔Cressman, Luther S., ''The Sandal and the Cave'', Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Beaver Books, Portland, Oregon, 1964, pp. 21–22.〕 Early inhabitants camped, built villages, and carved petroglyphs on boulders along the east shore of Lake Abert for approximately 11,000 years. Over that long period of time, the area had one of the highest human occupation densities found anywhere in the northern region of the Great Basin.〔〔Beauchamp, Douglas, ("Introduction” ) (PDF), Material and Remembrance: Three Fractured Petroglyph Boulders, Lake County, Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, January 2013, p. 7.〕
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